The idea of ©wholistic thinking applied to management, leadership, and entrepreneurship (which has evolved to technopreneurship in the 4th Industrial Revolution) was invented by Dr KC Chan in 1994. The concept of wholistic thinking for world-class enterprises originated from his doctoral research work in holistic management with the University of Strathclyde’s Department of Marketing in Glasgow, Scotland, where he graduated in June 1994. In January 1995, in Sydney, Australia, he presented an article on holistic management, leadership and entrepreneurship titled "Sustainable Competitive Success for Tomorrow's Company: The FIRMS Paradigm" at the "First World Congress on a Holistic Approach to Business/ Management". This event was organized by the University of Western Sydney from 11 to 14 January 1995. The holistic FIRMS Paradigm was published as a chapter in the book, “Marketing: Theory and Practice by Professor Michael Baker (1995)”, the International Journal of Production Management (1993a) and the Industrial Management & Data Systems of MCB University Press (1993b). Subsequently the holistic concept found its way to other international journals, i.e. “The Learning Organisation (Chan, 1995; 1994)”. However, when the original holistic approach to management, leadership and entrepreneurship was applied in the real world, there was still a wide strategy-execution gap. To bridge the knowing-and-doing gap in the subsequent 10 years (from 1995 to 2005), Dr Chan incorporated ©project-based accelerated action learning into the holistic treatment. In 2008, to test the evolution of holistic to wholistic thinking in management, Dr KC Chan approached Professor Gordon Wills, the former Dean of Cranfield School of Management (who received his MBE from HM The Queen in 2013; he is now known as “The Baron of Prestoungrange”) to critique Dr Chan’s contemporary concept of “Wholistic Thinking”. A DLitt thesis was submitted to IMCA (UK) under the supervision of Professor Prestoungrange, one of the leading authorities in project-based action learning and a pioneer in the “Enterprise School of Management Concept” (1993); Dr Chan was awarded the title of “Practice Professor of Wholistic Learning” for his international consultancy work in wholistic thinking for accelerated learning through ©project-based accelerated action learning, published articles and books (2009).

Dr KC Chan

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Wholistic Thinking